當前(qian)我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)業還在靠天吃飯，傳統撒施(shi)(shi)、漫(man)灌(guan)施(shi)(shi)肥與(yu)澆水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式在廣大農(nong)村還占主(zhu)流。由于(yu)灌(guan)溉(gai)方(fang)式落后(hou)，我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)業灌(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)用率(lv)只有(you)40%，僅為發達國(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)一半左(zuo)右(you)；單方(fang)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)糧食生產能力只有(you)0.85kg左(zuo)右(you)，遠低于(yu)2kg以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)世(shi)界發達國(guo)(guo)家(jia)水(shui)平，水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)費(fei)十(shi)分嚴重。
傳統的(de)施肥(fei)(fei)方式導致(zhi)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)吸收利用(yong)率低。2017年(nian)中國(guo)(guo)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)年(nian)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)6750萬噸（折(zhe)純），居(ju)世(shi)界首位，利用(yong)率30%左(zuo)右，低于發(fa)達(da)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)20個百分(fen)點以(yi)上。化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)浪(lang)費非常(chang)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)，同時(shi)也(ye)導致(zhi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)土(tu)壤(rang)大(da)面積被污染。這主要表現在土(tu)壤(rang)重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)屬與(yu)有(you)毒(du)元素顯著增加，促(cu)進(jin)土(tu)壤(rang)酸(suan)(suan)化(hua)(hua)、板結，導致(zhi)營養失調與(yu)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)鹽積累，土(tu)壤(rang)結構破(po)壞，以(yi)及微生(sheng)物(wu)活(huo)性(xing)的(de)降低等，給我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)業的(de)可持續發(fa)展帶來一(yi)系列問題。由于我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)人多地(di)少(shao)，為(wei)提高(gao)產量(liang)(liang)，施用(yong)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)是(shi)大(da)部分(fen)農(nong)民選擇(ze)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要途徑。因此，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)已成為(wei)世(shi)界上施用(yong)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)大(da)的(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)。發(fa)達(da)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)為(wei)防止化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)對土(tu)壤(rang)和水(shui)體造成危(wei)害(hai)而設置了15公斤/畝的(de)安全(quan)上限(xian)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)畝均(jun)用(yong)肥(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)在32公斤左(zuo)右。農(nong)戶施肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)平不高(gao)是(shi)引(yin)發(fa)農(nong)業化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)污染的(de)源泉(quan)。
由于(yu)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方式的(de)不(bu)(bu)當，也導致(zhi)了 農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品品質(zhi)(zhi)下降。傳統的(de)撒施(shi)(shi)、漫灌施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方式，加上(shang)(shang)人工成本的(de)與日(ri)俱增(zeng)(zeng)，種植(zhi)戶不(bu)(bu)可能(neng)做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)“少(shao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)多餐”。此(ci)外，測土(tu)(tu)配肥(fei)方式比較(jiao)落后，市場上(shang)(shang)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)的(de)決大(da)多數(shu)還(huan)是預包裝化肥(fei)，養分固定。根(gen)本不(bu)(bu)能(neng)滿足(zu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)時(shi)期、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)土(tu)(tu)壤、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)水質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)要求，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)精準施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)。此(ci)外，加上(shang)(shang)土(tu)(tu)壤酸化、板結，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)在需要養分的(de)時(shi)候不(bu)(bu)能(neng)充分吸(xi)收到(dao)(dao)養分，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)的(de)抗病性與抗逆性就會降低，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)得(de)病蟲害的(de)概率就會大(da)幅提升，種植(zhi)戶只能(neng)打(da)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)進行治理。在種植(zhi)戶種植(zhi)成本增(zeng)(zeng)加的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)的(de)品質(zhi)(zhi)也很難得(de)到(dao)(dao)保證。據《科學周刊》統計，目前全世界有一半的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)用(yong)在了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。全球農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)每(mei)年要使(shi)(shi)用(yong)約350萬噸的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、阿(a)根(gen)廷占到(dao)(dao)了70%，僅(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)就占到(dao)(dao)了世界農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)約一半，2016年中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為190.71萬噸。《科學周刊》根(gen)據2005-2009年的(de)數(shu)據測算，就每(mei)公(gong)頃耕地(di)上(shang)(shang)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)而言，美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)2.2公(gong)斤的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，法(fa)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)2.9公(gong)斤，英國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)3公(gong)斤，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)10.3公(gong)斤，約為美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)4.7倍。在過去(qu)20多年里(li)，美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、德國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)比較(jiao)穩定，英國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)減(jian)少(shao)了44%，法(fa)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)減(jian)少(shao)了38%，日(ri)本減(jian)少(shao)了32%，意(yi)大(da)利減(jian)少(shao)了2 6%，越(yue)南減(jian)少(shao)了24%，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)加了136.1%。過去(qu)20年，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)規模使(shi)(shi)用(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，各類農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品農(nong)(nong)(nong)殘留超(chao)標的(de)比例更是居高不(bu)(bu)下。不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)威脅食品安全，更通(tong)(tong)過徑流(liu)、滲漏漂移污(wu)染土(tu)(tu)壤和水環境，影響(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)田生態環境安全，農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)污(wu)染耕地(di)土(tu)(tu)壤面積已經超(chao)過了1億(yi)畝。同(tong)時(shi)，這(zhe)些不(bu)(bu)被利用(yong)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)還(huan)會通(tong)(tong)過各種形式影響(xiang)著其(qi)它動植(zhi)物(wu)、甚至是公(gong)眾(zhong)的(de)健康。
